From the obtained computational results, it should be noticed that different environmental temperature conditions extremely impact the distribution of pollutants CO2 and SO2 in the atmospheric surface layer, so at constant temperature conditions, the species for all velocity variations have nearly identical species profile.2-4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid is most publicly applied from chlorinated phenoxy acids herbicides. In this research, central composite design for optimization of photo-Elecro/persulfate/nZVI process to degradation and mineralization of this herbicide in aqueous solution to environment protection was applied. The initial pH (2-4), persulfate anion concentration (0.25-0.5 mg/L), direct electrical (0.5-1 A), herbicide concentration (50-100 mg/l), nZVI dose (0.05-1 mg/L), and reaction time (50-100 mg/l) are independent variables optimized. Also, the synergist effect, COD and TOC removal, the effect of radical scavengers, and by-products were investigated. The fitting of the model, suggested a quadratic model (R2?=?0.9926). F-value and P value of ANOVA were 719.81 and 0.0001 respectivelty. After optimizing the PEP/nZVI process, the proposed optimal conditions was pH?=?3.4, persulfate concentration equal to 0.49 mg/l, in 1 A direct current, nZVI dose equal to 0.1 mg/l, in 50.05 mg/l herbicide concentration as an initial concentration, in 80 min reaction time. The theoretical and actual removal was evaluated 91.99% and 92%, respectively. In the optimum condition, 45.4% synergist effect indicated. 78.3% and 66.5% of initial COD and TOC were decreased. 39.02% of Cl ion was released form 2,4-D structure. The presence of radical scavengers have an adverse impact on the performance of process. The highest amount of radical scavenging was in methanol, tert-butyl alcohol and bicarbonate ions at concentrations at 50 mM/l. The kinetic data was fitted via pseudo-first-order reaction (R2?=?0.99).The direct and indirect oxidation process lead to formation of several organic by-products which were confirmed by GC-MS analysis.The use of granite stones as building materials in homes or offices can result in the residents' long-term whole-body exposure to gamma radiation. https://www.selleckchem.com/pharmacological_epigenetics.html Although the whole-body annual dose has been investigated in the literature, it is obvious that different human organs receive different equivalent dose due to different position respect to the walls and floor covered by granite stones. In this paper, the effect of distance from the walls and floor of a room on the equivalent dose is investigated by using MCNPX code. An "ORNL" phantom is simulated in three situations; standing (P1), sleeping one meter above the floor (P2) and sleeping on the floor (P3) and the equivalent dose in different organs is calculated. Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) is calculated in the whole of the body for these three positions. By the results, the value of ELCR in the third position is more than the average world value (2.9?×?10-4). The results show the importance of considering body position in dose determination, especially in some organs such as the brain and eyes which are close to the granite stones in certain positions such as sleeping.The removal efficiency of the pharmaceutical drug Mebeverine Hydrochloride (MEB) from solutions by an activated carbon (AC) prepared from dates stems was investigated in the present research work. The surface properties of the activated carbon were investigated by elementary analysis, BET surface area, SEM, FTIR and pHpzc. The operating parameters effect on the MEB adsorption efficiency was investigated by using batch experiments. The adsorption isotherms study indicated that the experimental data were well described by Freundlich and DR isotherms, with the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 4105 mg/g. This result suggests the multilayer adsorption of MEB on the activated carbon.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00658-1.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00658-1.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to ambient black carbon (BC) on daily cause-specific mortality, including mortality due to respiratory, cardiovascular, ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases in Tehran, Iran.
Daily non-accidental death counts, meteorological data and hourly concentrations of air pollutants from 2014 to 2017 were collected in Tehran. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to assess the association between exposure to BC and daily mortality.
The mean daily BC concentration during the study period was 3.96?±?1.19?g/m. The results indicated that BC was significantly associated with cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular mortality, but not with respiratory mortality. In first model, each 10?g/mincrease in at lag 3, lag 4 and lag 5 were associated with cardiovascular mortality in 16-65 year age group with the relative risks (RRs) of 1.17 (95?% CI 1.02-1.33), 1.17 (95?% CI 1.04-1.31) and 1.12 (95?% CI 1.02-1.24), respectively. The highest mortality rate per 10?g/mincrease in exposure was found for ischemic heart diseases with RR of 3.98 (95?% CI 1.04-1.81, lag 01) for 16-65 age group. Cerebrovascular mortality was associated with 10?g/mincreases in non-cumulative exposure with RR of 1.17 (95?% 1.009-1.35, lag 5) in the age group ? 65 years. In the second model for a 10?g/mincrease in BC, cardiovascular mortality at specific lag days (5 and 6 days) in the age group ? 16 years were associated with RR of 1.34 (95?% CI 1.08-1.66) and 1.35(95?% CI 1.02-1.77), respectively.
This study in Tehran found significant effects of BC exposure on daily mortality for cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00659-0.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00659-0.The mobile phone is a fast-growing E-waste stream that includes hazardous substances and valuable metals. Smartphone touch screens (SPTS) contain a considerable amount of critical metals, such as indium and strontium that can be recovered from end of life devices as a secondary resource. Bioleaching is an emerging and environmentally friendly method for metal recovery from electronic waste. In the present study, bioleaching was assessed for the extraction of indium and strontium from organic light emitting diode type smartphone touch screens. A statistical approach based on the response surface methodology was successfully applied. The effects of influential variables pH, ferrous sulfate, elemental sulfur, and solid content and their interactions on indium and strontium recovery using adapted Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were evaluated. Under optimum conditions (ferrous sulfate 13.0 g/L; solid content; 3.0 g/L; elemental sulfur 5.6 g/L; and initial pH of 1.1), a complete indium extraction was observed, with a concentration in solution of about 200 mg/L indium.